内蒙古癌死亡率与土壤环境中化学元素的关系

利用中国癌死亡率与土壤环境中化学元素的相关性研究成果，研究了内蒙古癌死亡率与土壤环境中化学元素：As、Cd、Co、Cu、Hg、Mn、Ni、Pb、Se、V、Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、B、Al、Ga、In、Tl、Sc、Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Th、U、Sn、Ti、Zr、Hf、Sb、Bi、Ta、Te、Mo、W、Br、I、Fe等52个元素含量的关系。     

化学沉淀法除磷和生物法除磷的比较

对化学沉淀法除磷和生物法除磷的机理作了较详细的阐述，并就两者在除磷效果，污泥产量，污泥处置，除磷费用方面进行了比较。结果表明，两种方法磷的去除率比较接近，总费用没有明显差别，其优点是，生物法除磷污泥产量少，而化学沉淀法除磷操作简便。     

JHC－1型COD自动检测仪在污水处理场的应用

选用ＪＨＣ一且型ＣＯＤ自动检测仪对生化进口的ＣＯＤ值连续在线监测，在一年多的运行中检验了仪器的检测精度和准确度，并根据仪器的现场运行情况对仪器进行了一些完善，使之能较好地运行在实际生产中．     

化工铬渣冷固结球团还原解毒实验研究

采用铬渣冷固结球团方法来处理铬渣，研究了不同原料配比的铬渣冷固结球团的成球性能和强度，并用煤气进行了球团的还原实验。结果表明：铬渣的成球性能较好，在自然养护20d后，球团的抗压强度可达30kg／球以上。在900℃用煤气还原铬渣冷固结球团后，铬渣中的Cr^6含量在5mg／L以下：在1200℃还原后，有的铬渣中未检出Cr^6铬渣完全解毒，还原后的铬渣冷固结球团可进行综合利用。     

染料废水的治理现状及展望

介绍了染料废水的处理现状,目前国内外主要的处理方法有物化法(常用的有吸附法、混凝法、膜技术等)、化学法(如氧化法、电解法等)和生化法(投菌法微生物降解,好氧/厌氧工艺),介绍了各种工艺方法处理染料废水的实例并指出了各方法的优缺点和技术的关键,最后对今后染料废水处理技术的发展进行了展望。     

MAP法处理氨氮废水最佳条件的研究

MAP法是一种比较新颖有效的处理氨氮的方法，该方法是通过化学沉淀的方式使废水中的氨氢浓度降到很低。而且沉淀反应不受温度、水中毒素的限制。由单项试验以及正交实验的方法对MAP法处理氨氮废水的工艺进行优化研究，结果表明，在pH=8.5，反应时间为3h,Mg:N:P=1:3:1.0:1.1时为较佳反应条件；氨氮的去除率随着反应时间的增加而增加，随着Mg:N比值的增加而增加。     

Environmental aftermath of the radiation accident at Tomsk-7

An analysis is presented of the environmental effects of the most serious radiation accident recorded after Chernobyl, which occurred in the formerly secret town of Tomsk-7 in Siberia, Russia, on 6, April 1993. Fortunately, it appears not to have become a major industrial crisis or disaster. The causes of the accident are described. It is argued that a mixture of both objective and subjective prerequisites, including specific human, organizational, and technological factors, were responsible for the explosion or directly facilitated it. The Tomsk-7 accident's ecological, medical, social, and psychological consequences are discussed.     

用伴随方法对毒气泄漏事件进行危害评估

由于自然、人为等因素造成的有毒气体泄漏事件随时威胁着人们的生命安全。对于这类突发事故进行危害评估 ,在应急救援中 ,可以给决策者提供参考 ,使之采取有效措施 ,最大限度地降低事故危害程度 ,减少事故恶果及引起的恐慌。由于毒气泄漏位置事先无法确定 ,如果用常规方法进行逐点评估 ,将面临着巨大的计算量而难以进行。笔者发展了一种伴随方法 ,对风险函数的表达式进行等价变形 ,通过求解伴随方程 ,可以一次求得任意位置的毒气泄漏的风险值 ,大大降低计算量和工作量。此法在化学工厂和仓库设置 ,煤气网铺设和监测点选取 ,城市应急中心设置等多种安全规划中均有重要价值 ,为快速危害评估 ,降低化学事故危害提供了有力的研究工具和实用方法。     

TEMPORAL AND GEOMORPHIC VARIATIONS OF STREAM STABILITY AND MORPHOLOGY: MAHOGANY CREEK,NEVADA1

ABSTRACT: Detailed studies of long-term management impacts on rangeland streams are few because of the cost of obtaining detailed data replicated in time. This study uses government agency aquatic habitat, stream morphologic, and ocular stability data to assess land management impacts over four years on three stream reaches of an important rangeland watershed in northwestern Nevada. Aquatic habitat improved as riparian vegetation reestablished itself with decreased and better controlled livestock grazing. However, sediment from livestock disturbances and road crossings and very low stream flows limited the rate of change. Stream type limited the change of pool variables and width/depth ratio, which are linked to gradient and entrenchment. Coarse woody debris removal due to previous management limited pool recovery. Various critical-element ocular stability estimates represented changes with time and differences among reaches very well. Ocular stability variables tracked the quantitative habitat and morphologic variables well enough to recommend that ocular surveys be used to monitor changes with time between more intensive aquatic surveys.     

City hazardous gas monitoring network

In our today's societies, many dangerous chemicals are produced and transported. Due to the vast use of chemicals, more chemical accidents are taking place with huge losses. In this study a city hazardous gas monitoring network was designed to detect the dispersion of toxic and combustible gases in the primary stages. The network could cover hazardous chemical facilities, important hazardous chemical routes, warehouses and special locations which may be the targets of terrorist attacks. The network is consisted of several local networks and a central control panel complex. Each local network has a local control panel in the center and many detectors and sounders around it at distances less than 3000 m that communicate with the local control panels wirelessly. In each location there are two types of gas detectors, toxic and combustible, and a sounder which are equipped with a wireless, radio frequency modem allowing the units to communicate readings and other information on a real-time basis with a remotely located local control panel. High sensitive Photo Ionization Detectors, PIDs, are used to provide fast and low-level on-site screening for chemicals contamination. Combustible gas detectors are the second choice to sense the combustible gas and verify the readings of PIDs in this regard. The central panel consists of several connected control panels work uniquely helping a computer set and the appropriate software and communicate with local control panels via telephone lines. All of the network components are shown on the monitor of central panel with special symbols by geographical information system program. The system is fully addressable so that the high level detection of a detector produces a blinking color double-circle around its symbol in GIS plan. In case of high level gas detection, a team of experts who are fully equipped with different portable detectors depart to the site to test the field to identify the chemicals. All readings of detectors are saved in a data bank and then analyzed to find any chemicals spills and leakages. The network was simulated by a special program so that the components of local networks and the central panel are shown in separate windows. By clicking on one detector on environmental window the formerly designed responses will be activated in central panel window.